Friday, December 27, 2019

Meditation Six By Edward Taylor Essay - 818 Words

Edward Taylor’s â€Å"Meditation Six† uses a coin-based conceit to explore the ambivalence of the persona; using the coin, Taylor describes his spiritual value to God in material terms. The first stanza reflects an uncertainty within Taylor about his worth to God. He equates himself to gold, asking if he is â€Å"thy gold† (1) or merely a vessel for God’s wealth—the congregation. The speaker worries he may only appear to be worthful to God, but he is worthless underneath and â€Å"brass in heart,† alluding to the Brazen Serpent of the Bible. Working through his ambivalence, the speaker compares the impression of the grace of God to the stamp on a coin, and he asks if God has left such an impression on him, stamping value onto worthless metal. Taylor writes that he is â€Å"a golden angel† in God’s hand, meaning he is valuable to God, which ends his ambivalence as he concludes that he is worthful as a man. In the final stanza, th e speaker asks God to make his soul the plate, a blank coin, onto which God stamps value with his â€Å"superscription in a holy style† (16). The speaker then becomes a coin with value to God, part of God’s hoard, whereby Taylor acknowledges that he is one of many. A surrender ends the conceit and poem, the speaker asks if he may be an angel, period slang for an English coin, in God’s eyes and if God may be his Lord. 3. The harsh and unyielding tone of â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† is created by the powerful imagery and the address of the congregation. The firstShow MoreRelatedEarly American Literature2012 Words   |  9 Pagespray. Then while we live, in love let s so persevere That when we live no more, we may live ever. Like Anne, Edward Taylor (1642- 1729) was born in England and wrote poetry for his own pleasure and relief. He is considered to be the finest poet in colonial American Literature. In 1668, unwilling to sign a loyalty oath to the Church of England, he sailed to New England, America. Edward was the son of a yeoman farmer, and went to Harvard for higher education in divinity. In 1671, he became a pastorRead MoreThe Hindu Faith is an indigenous theology and philosophy of India spanning thousands of years.800 Words   |  4 Pagesprayers and relay instructional information. Aranyakas and Upanishads propose speculative theologies and philosophical concepts. Long-practiced traditions and cultural behaviors determine the specific school of philosophy each Hindu will follow. Six major schools of philosophy exist within Hinduism. Each school, or DarÅ›ana, is separate from the others, but they are all centered on verses in the Vedas. 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The sestet occupies the remaining six lines of the poem, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of CDCDCD, or CDECDE. The octave and the sestet are usually contrasted in some key way: for example, the octave may ask a question to which the sestet offers an answer. In the following PetrarchanRead MoreSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 Pagesa more fluid consideration in which particular themes are revisited throughout life. James Fowler (1981) has drawn from a deep psychological understanding of human development and crafted a model of spiritual development containing a pre-stage, and six subs equent stages of faith, which holds true to many of the assumptions of the traditional stage-models. 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Infection presents as a purulent discharge or a painful erythema, indicative of cellulitis (Peel and Taylor, 1991). Risk factor such as old age, diabetes patient, emergency procedure, smoking, immune system disorders, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, malnutrition and paralysis (Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 2005). Wilson (2001), asepticRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesback-to-Africa movements of the nineteenth century and behind the emergence of black churches with a conscious emphasis on Ethiopia/Africa in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was this tradition of extolling the greatness of Ethiopia/ Africa.17 Edward Wilmot Blyden, an early Pan-Africanist and a fervent proponent of â€Å"back to Africa,† claimed that in the glories of the African past Ethiopia represented the zenith of learning and civilization.18 This tradition was of course fed by the Sheba legendRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe following methods: 1. CHARACTERIZATION THROUGH THE USE OF NAMES. Names are often used to provide essential clues that aid in characterization. Some characters are given names that suggest their dominant or controlling traits, as, for example, Edward Murdstone (in Dickens’ David Copperfield) and Roger Chillingsworth (in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter). Both men are cold-hearted villains their names suggest. Other characters are given names that reinforce (or sometimes are in contrast to) theirRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesbarbershop. He played the nickelodeon and listened to street musicians playing the blues. Mary Langston was a devoted grandmother to her grandson. (Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library) In 1908, six-year-old Langston moved to Topeka to live with his mother in an apartment over a plumbing shop. Jim Hughes sometimes sent Carrie money for Langstons expenses, but it was never enough. One of Langstons chores was to scour the alley for scrap lumber

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Skin Deep Americ A Free Country Of Freedom, Prosperity,...

Skin Deep America America has been viewed by many countries as the land of freedom, prosperity, and opportunity. We have been seen as the â€Å"melting pot† of the world where everyone, no matter what their race, can coexist in harmony. This statement, however, can be contradicted in many ways regarding the mistreatment of other races by caucasians, in the past as well as the present. Many people view America as a free country for all, but some people still face oppression, especially African Americans, even in today’s modern society. This can obviously be demonstrated in our history; which is corrupted with slavery, segregation, and white supremacy. Our country was literally built by whites, and for whites, on the breaking backs of African Americans, who were the driving labor force for the developing nation. Slavery was the fuel for the burning fire that is racism. Former slaves then struggled for civil rights and equality, as well as safety, which is even neg lected today. Often, many white people overlook racism as a mistake that’s well in the past, when in reality it is still a harmful, oppressive idea that harms and discriminates against many black’s careers, families, and lifestyle. Media today is painted red with the blood of innocent African Americans killed by racist authorities. This causes our country to not be viewed as a whole, but a segregated body still rampant with discrimination. But first, to understand the present, we must look at the past. No

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Pro-Gun Speech free essay sample

Imagine you are in your house, it’s nighttime, and you are about to turn in for the night. Suddenly, you hear a sound from the front door, but you’re not expecting anybody. You become suspicious and worry, for what awaits behind the door? You fear for your family, your little three-year-old baby girl. As an instinct, as a parent, what is the first thing you grab? Not your son’s baseball bat or your golf club, what if the intruder is a burly, six foot tall man? Anything aside from your dependable gun, you feel, would be ineffective to the safekeeping of your precious family and security of your loving home.You grab your gun and stand in front of your family. Your spouse begins to cry and holds your children tightly within their arms. Suddenly you hear a pound, a crisp crackle, and a shout from behind you. We will write a custom essay sample on Pro-Gun Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You hear the intruder stalk down the hall to the room where you and your family wait, and soon he stands facing you in the doorway. The door creaks open, you hear a click from his gun, and he opens the door. He looks at you, and he realizes you have a gun pointed at his chest. He begins to run away. Now, at this point, would you not be glad that you had this reliable gun?Guns aren’t the catalyst of crime ladies and gentlemen. Criminals are. The problem is NOT the gun control, but the criminal control. Don’t you agree that any disturbed person is far more dangerous than a loaded gun? A gun is predictable, while a disturbed person is not. To begin with, guns aren’t the ONLY source of crime in America. There are many fatal car accidents as well, and they kill around 40,000 people annually, so should we ban cars too? Should anything and everything that causes deaths be banned as well?The government and the anti-gun lobby need to understand that guns should not be blamed for everything and people should be trusted with guns. No matter which tool is used in the homicide, the bottom line remains the same. Weapons do not kill people; people kill people. Moreover, just because gun laws are made tighter then they already are doesn’t mean that crime levels will go down. For example, Washington D. C. has had a handgun ban for over thirty years, yet they are known as the â€Å"murder capital† of the United States. The truth is criminals won’t follow the laws—that’s kind of what makes them criminals.As Thomas Jefferson said, â€Å"The laws that forbid the carrying of guns disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes. Can it be supposed that those who have the courage to violate the most sacred laws of humanity†¦will respect the less important ones†¦such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants. They serve rather to encourage than to prevent homicides, for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater confidence than an armed man. † Finally, the right to keep and bear arms may make citizens more responsible and trustworthy.For example, to have a firearm in your possession, it takes a tremendous amount of self-control to stop yourself from shooting someone or something randomly. It also takes responsibility to keep track of the gun and make sure that it does not fall into the wrong hands. A true American would make sure to keep the gun hidden if taken into public, and make sure that the gun isn’t stolen. Lastly, owning a gun could make anyone a better person because having a gun in their home would give them a sense of reassurance, which would most likely lead to a good nights sleep.Others who do not own a gun are often kept up by common noises they hear next door, thinking that a robber is at their doorstep. I have personal experience with that. The day after Christmas a couple years ago, a robbery took place in my home. The robber(s) stole all of my parent’s valuable possessions, and though my room looked as if it were rummaged through, my items were untouched. My family was lucky we weren’t home at the time. However, in the nights following I do admit that my family was extremely paranoid and worried that the robber(s) would come again.It was at this time that I wished my family had a gun to prevent any more robberies/break-ins. I would spend hours in bed, often up till 3 A. M. thinking about it, and making me incapable of concentrating on anything the next day. If we had a gun though, I would be a little less paranoid and I would definitely get a better sleep. My opponents may tell you that new laws made to control guns are proven to reduce crime and homicide rates. Well, if this fact is true, why is it that Washington D. C. ’s crime rate is 69 per 100,000 due to gun bans, and Indianapolis’ rate of 9 per 100,000 is due to a lack of gun control.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

My Stance on Pirated Movies Essay Example

My Stance on Pirated Movies Essay As movie piracy is unethical and illegal against Copyright Protection Laws, movie pirates are expected to respect anti-piracy laws by not indulging in illegal reproduction, downloading, sale, and distribution of movies in digital disc formats. The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and its international counterpart, the Motion Picture Association (MPA) are actively involved in combating movie piracy. Criminal laws against piracy and counterfeiting are getting tougher day by day. The movie pirates are liable to pay hefty fines and are sentenced to jail if found guilty.Great movies are created by creative artists and technicians. Talents are exhibited at fabulous costs which are redeemed when the movie is distributed for screening in theaters, home viewing via DVD, television, etc. Sometimes the distribution involves rigorous marketing.Movies contribute greatly to the economy of a country. For example, a major Hollywood movie production contributes around $200,000 per day to local economies when the artists use dozens of other businesses like hotels, transportation, etc. Once the movie is shot, the distributors buy rights from producers and decide on the number of copies to be leased out to theaters. The theater owners indulge in a bid to buy the copy before screening in theaters for an agreed time. If any pirated versions of the movie leaks out during this time it may cause enormous financial damages to the producers, distributors and theaters. The damages will be even more severe, if the movie has to be released internationally. Sometimes the pirates make new movies available for download within hours of theatrical release. According to Copyright Industries in the U.S Economy 2004 Report (1), the movie industry worldwide including producers, distributors, theaters, video stores and pay-per view providers lost $18.2 billion to piracy in the year 2005. Over eighteen million movies are pirated each month via internet downloads. China’s local film industry lost $2.7 billion to piracy in 2005. France lost $1.5 billion and Mexico lost $1.1 billion.If the pirated movies get leaked out during the time of movie release, the popularity of artists increases. It reduces their dependency on marketing. On the other hand, pirated movies hit the filmmakers and small producers hard since they are not protected legally and financially. The pirated DVDs increase the popularity of a movie. This in turn increases the number of viewers in theaters and the sale of DVDs also go higher. But digital piracy threatens to have a greater impact on the economy in the long run. Certainly, the pirated movies are inferior to the original movies without the intended effects (Pang 94).Technology is the key to prevent movie piracy. The latest reproduction and distribution technology used by the legitimate copyright holders are followed by movie pirates also (Pang 81). Good movie makers must protect their copyrights without giving in to piracy.Downloading a m ovie from websites without permission is civil disobedience and is as bad as stealing a DVD from a stall (Read 2). People who buy pirated CDs or DVDs are considered to be encouraging movie piracy and are liable to be punished. They sometimes interpret piracy as a market correction for what amounts to a cartel (Read 2). This is an excuse for not being ethical and moral before stealing intellectual property. No matter what anyone thinks about the movie industry, people have no legal or ethical right to swap movies.As technology is common to everyone, the quality of pirated movie DVDs may also increase. This is because the bandwidth and processing power have been increasing. The downloadable movies are big threats to the home movie rental and sales providers also (Freidenfelds 6). The movie industries should study the nuances of cutting edge technologies and be smart enough to protect movies from getting pirated. Heavily encrypted DVD standard with finger printing was used in 2008. Enc ryption and licensing standards may prevent pirates from digital download process when many customers move out to broadband connections. Forensic digital watermarking is a reliable technology to prevent piracy of movie content. But this method has to be implemented effectively to perform jamming attacks through low-pass filtering, noise addition, geometric shifts and manipulation of brightness, and contrast (Lubin, Bloom, Cheng 1). The consumers may not think of pirated movies if the movies are reasonably low priced and convenient for downloads.It is unlikely that any country, company, or economic system will determine the fate of the global Internet community (Strangelove 72). Every country has to take serious measures to curtail movie piracy in all forms. Presently, different countries act differently in dealing with movie piracy.The United States has strict anti-piracy laws. China is less serious in its approach towards movie piracy. China tops the table in the list of piracy wit h an estimated loss of 244 $ million at the rate of   94% in the year 2005 (Bocij 152). Other countries like Russian Federation, Hungary, etc follow in the list. It has been criticized that China has a communist bent of mind behind the subject of movie piracy. Feng Xiaogong, a film director in China says that movie piracy is less in the United States because the American people naturally see piracy as unethical and equivalent to theft whereas the Chinese do not (Pang 95). Strict and controversial bills are getting approved in the United States to stiffen penalties for movie piracy. Emphasis is made to avoid college students from illegal downloading. Awareness campaigns have long been working effectively in the United States. For example, Mr. Gibson, an assistant professor of law at the University of Richmond, Charlottesville has been regularly campaigning to propagate the copyright laws (Read 2).Digital Rights Management (DRM) technologies are fraught with difficulties and are not easy to solve. A full control may not be possible worldwide because there are inherent limits to law, technology, and corporations as regulating forces (Strangelove 56). But the movie pirates cannot get off scot-free all that easily in the near feature.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Democracy in Bangladesh Essay Example Essay Example

Democracy in Bangladesh Essay Example Paper Democracy in Bangladesh Essay Introduction The cost of good intentions: â€Å"solidarity† in Bangladesh The cost of good intentions: â€Å"solidarity† in Bangladesh Naila Kabeer 24 June 2004 How can the lives and conditions of women garment workers in Bangladesh be improved? Naila Kabeer questions whether the workers themselves benefit from the campaigning approach of Anita Roddick and the National Labor Committee. Anita Roddick writes on openDemocracy with passionate anger about the conditions of women workers in the export garment sector based on testimonies of workers she met on her visit to Bangladesh.Her account is supported by the United States-based National Labor Committee (NLC) which has been active in the country on this issue. Farida Khan, citing the World Bank country director in Bangladesh, offers a different perspective on the garment industry’s importance in the national economy and to Bangladeshi workers, one that partly counters Anita Roddick’s and the NLC’s views. I have be en engaged in research on different aspects of gender equality in Bangladesh, including the economic, for many years now; I have been particularly interested in how women themselves view their choices and life options.In contributing to this discussion, I will emphasise the issues that seem to me to be especially important in assessing the experience of women garment workers in Bangladesh, and where the best possibilities for improvement in their conditions might lie. Bangladesh in transformation Bangladesh, like much of south Asia, has always been a strongly patriarchal country. There are strict restrictions on women’s ability to participate in the public domain – whether to earn an income, attend school, or take part in politics.It remains one of the world’s poorer countries, classified by the United Nations as among its forty -eight least-developed economies. However, Bangladesh is also undergoing major social transformation. Poverty has been declining slowly but consistently over the past decade. The country moved, after several years of military dic tatorship, to a fragile democracy in 1990. There have also been important positive changes in the area of gender equality, something which would not have been possible if Islamic fundamentalists had the kind of presence that Farida Khan suggests.In this period, successive governments have played an active role in improving girls’ educational prospects. The gender gap in educ ation has been eliminated at www. openDemocracy. net 1 The cost of good intentions: â€Å"solidarity† in Bangladesh primary level and reduced at secondary level. A very active NGO sector, working largely with women from poorer households, has promoted self-employment opportunities for women in the countryside through the provision of microcredit, as well as greater awareness of their rights.There has been a high voter turnout by women at recent national and local elections – between 75% and 85% â⠂¬â€œ and increasing numbers of women are standing as candidates in local elections. Poverty remains a major problem in Bangladesh and many people still go hungry. No amount of effort by NGOs can solve the problem of unemployment in a country where, despite declining rates of population growth, there are a million new entrants to the labour force each year. nstigation, and roped together by their legs like cattle. Whether these are routine or exceptional incidents in the industry – and my own view is that they are not typical – they are indeed shocking and should be acted upon. The courts in Bangladesh work slowly and imperfectly, but they can and should be made to work in the interests of justice. But in making this point, we should also remember that these women are not â€Å"slaves† – however terrible their situation may appear to Anita Roddick.They are a group of workers who are exploited by their employers because of their social vulnerability and th eir limited choices, but they have exercised considerable strength of will and independent agency in making their way to these jobs. Most of them have migrated from the countryside, often on their own, Women from poorer ho useholds who explicitly in search of garment need paid work in order to survive Women from poorer employment. It is true that they are face particular problems.Returns to partly â€Å"pushed† into this sector by households who need women’s enterprise are low and the lack of employment paid work in order to social barriers to women’s opportunities in the countryside and participation in paid work outside survive face particular the low wages they are able to earn the home remain strong, particularly problems. there. But they are also â€Å"pulled† into in rural areas. Those women who do the industry by what they view as its find wage work earn wages far below more positive characteristics: those of men. egularity of income, and at higher levels than women with equivalent levels of education It is in this context that the million or so jobs can earn in other sectors. generated for women by the export-oriented garment industry have to be assessed. As Farida Khan points Moreover, it is difficult to reconcile the unrelentingly out, the participation of women in factory work is a harsh portrait painted by Anita Roddick with some of relatively new phenomenon in a country where women the evidence from research on garment workers. were almost invisible in public space.In the Consultations with urban poor households carried out Bangladeshi context, this is not a â€Å"novelty†: it is a by one of the largest NGOs in Bangladesh found that, social revolution. Nor is it necessary to have any of all the formal institutions that they had contact with, illusions about employers’ motivations in â€Å"preferring† the poor identified the garment industry (alongside female labour in a globally competitive industry to NGOs themselves) as the most positive. appreciate what these jobs have meant to women workers in Bangladesh.More micro-level research, including my own, suggests that women have many complaints about their jobs in Thus, Farida Khan’s contribution, though it portrays a the garment industry – but there is also much that they picture of Bangladesh which underestimates the value. These jobs have allowed them an opportunity to possibilities for change, at least balances a recognition earn their own living, to get out of the house, to of the exploitative aspects of work in the garment exercise some independent purchasing power, to industry with attention to its more positive postpone marriage or marry someone of their own implications.By contrast, Anita Roddick’s article does choice, to save and send money back to their families not. at home. Above all, these women value the opportunity these jobs provide to be economically self-reliant, Between slavery and freedo m rather than a burden on their families. The anger that impels Anita Roddick makes it clear The contradictions of activism that she draws from Bangladeshis’ experience the view that garment workers there are treated little better Anita Roddick and the NLC miss these significant than â€Å"slaves†.She relates stories of workers being dimensions of women garment workers’ ex perience. kicked and beaten, locked up by police at employers’ www. openDemocracy. net 2 The cost of good intentions: â€Å"solidarity† in Bangladesh The campaigning proposals that flow from their selective approach are equally problematic. They pledge to engage in an international campaign to â€Å"name and shame† those multinational companies that do business with Bangladeshi employers who do not respect women workers’ rights.Farida Khan, while rightly emphasising the importance of guaranteeing international mobility of labour and increased access of Bangladeshi p roducts to international markets as ways of improving conditions in the country, also suggests that campaigners might focus instead on the buying houses that deal directly with the employers. But these are the same companies and the same buying houses that have been reducing the prices they offer local employers – often at the same time as they pressurise them to improve labour standards. Naming and shaming† may indeed galvanise multinationals into action, but what will that action be? Offer higher prices per unit so that employers can pay for maternity leave – the â€Å"win-win† outcome? Deal only with those employers who can afford to pay for maternity leave and let the rest go out of business? Or simply move to a location where living standards and working conditions meet the requirements of global campaigners? It is important to ask: why do women workers not themselves organise to protest against what they consider to be the unacceptable aspects of the ir working conditions?The brutal tactics used by some of the employers that Anita Roddick describes are only part of the story. More important is their fear of losing their jobs when they know that there are many thousands of women ready to replace them. What workers need is to know that it is possible to protest without the fear of immediate dismissal. There is a law to that effect in Bangladesh but it is observed mainly in the breach. Yet this is a fundamental precondition for the right to organise.I would suggest that if the goal is to improve women’s capacity to speak for and organise themselves, then high-profile campaigns targeting individual companies are not the best way to achieve it. International solidarity would have more positive and lasting effects if it were focused on providing human rights and other organisations in Bangladesh with the support and resources they need to publicise workers’ rights and to take employers to court when these rights are viol ated. I have no doubt that Anita Roddick and the National Labor Committee have the interests of Bangladeshi women workers at heart.But good intentions implemented without due regard for their likely outcomes carry the danger of doing more harm than good to those they seek to benefit. Naila Kabeer is a research fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, England. She works primarily on poverty, gender, and social policy issues. She is the author of Reversed Realities: gender hierarchies in development thought (Verso, 1994) and The Power to Choose: Bangladeshi women and labour market decisions in London and Dhaka (Verso, 2000).Copyright  © Naila Kabeer, 24 June 2004. Published by openDemocracy Ltd. Permission is granted to reproduce this article for personal, non-commercial use only. In order to circulate internally or use this material for teaching or other commercial purposes you will need to obtain an institutional subscription. Reproduction of this arti cle is by arrangement only. openDemocracy articles are available for syndication. For institutional subscriptions, syndication and press inquiries, please call ++44 (0) 207 608 2000. www. openDemocracy. net 3 Democracy in Bangladesh Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Sunday, November 24, 2019

14 College Memes That Will Make You Laugh Through Tears

14 College Memes That Will Make You Laugh Through Tears Studying in college is something you can cry or laugh about. However, its better to choose the latter. Though college life can be really challenging at times, good sense of humor will defenitely help you to go through this difficult and yet amazing period of your life. Social media communities are full of funny memes created by college and high school students just like you. Some of them we previously published on our Facebook page. Heres the list of the most popular and hilarious memes about college life and challenges that our Facebook audience have found the most attractive. #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 P.S. If youd like to see more fun memes about college and high school, just click any of the listed images and visit our Facebook page. Well be glad to get more likes from you 🙂 Cover image credit: Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Report on Financial and Economic issues around the EU and affects on Essay

Report on Financial and Economic issues around the EU and affects on Arcelor Mittal - Essay Example It is critical to note that the firm reports its operational performance across the whole Europe wide region and therefore country wide segregation of the relative performance of the firm is relatively not present. What is key to understanding is the fact that firm is facing strong macroeconomic risks in these countries as fiscal expansion has been curtailed by the relative governments in these countries. The weak demand is mostly due to the austerity measures taken by the governments. Since Governments are major users of steel and related products therefore a decline in the fiscal expansion is one of the key reasons for decline in the business of the firm in PIIGS and other European countries. Details of Staff Employed Firm has reported that 37% of its employees are located in EU27 countries. (Statista.com,2000).   These countries are 27 European countries where firm have operations of different nature including mining, steel production, construction and other related activities. The production sites are located in Madrid, Averio, Ireland and other smaller locations where firm operates its so called mini-steel mills. In Spain, firm has four different production locations where firm is engaged in different activities including steel production as well as mining activities. Since firm is located in Luxemburg therefore the number of employees working in the headquarters of the firm is also included in its workforce in Europe. Difficulties in PIIGS Markets In Spain, firm is facing severe problems of high energy prices and lack of alternative energy resources. The lack of these resources therefore has increased the overall level of operational cost for the firm and resultantly has an impact on its profitability. (Mitchell,2012).  In Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Greece, one of the key difficulties is the lack of demand being generated from the government and private sector. Since these countries are still under strict austerity measures. In Spain, firm is also f acing disputes with the employees and many of the Staff members have protested against the closure of factories in Madrid.( En.tengrinews.kz 2012)   In Greece, firm is specifically facing debt related issues and the major write down by the firm in Europe is appropriated towards the Greece debt. Most of the challenges faced by the firm in the EU region come from Greece as the country as a whole hardly avoided bankruptcy after due funding support from European Union member countries. Cost of borrowing is also on the rise especially in Greece due to heavy borrowing by the government and bond issues.( Eichengreen, 2012)   Apart from this, the global demand for Steel is slowing down causing overall decline in the business operations of the firms. It is critical to note that EU27 experienced a negative growth rate of Steel consumption during 2012 suggesting that the overall demand is on the decline in these markets. Expansion or Contraction Firm is already on its way to close some of its production facilities in Spain as it has closed its Madrid facilities and is also in process of redeploying some of its staff to other locations in Spain. This indicates that firm is curtailing back on its operations in Spain and same practice may also be adapted in other countries and markets also. It is also already in process of closing down its furnaces in